2005年高考全国卷中有这样一道题: If you go by ____ train,you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sure you get ____ fast one. A.the;the B.不填;a C.the;a D.不填;不填 很明显,命题者出这道题的目的是要考查考生是否掌握了冠词的一般用法。根据题意,我们可知此题答案为B。这道题考查了零冠词和不定冠词的用法,在设题时,不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词都出现了,增加了解题的难度。我们综合历年高考试题的命题角度和思路发现,对冠词的考查主要在四个方面。 一、考查不定冠词 不定冠词常用于泛指,考试时主要考查不定冠词的类别用法(表示某一类人或物)、指量用法(指“一个”“一张”“一条”等,相当于one)、转化用法(不可数名词的具体化)以及习惯用法等。这种题设题很明确,针对性比较强,就是要考查不定冠词的用法。如: 1.Jumping out of ___ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite ___ exciting experience. A.不填;the B.不填;an C.an;an D.the;the 2.—Have you seen ___ pen?I left it here this morning. —Is it ___ black one?I think I saw it somewhere. A.a;the B.the;the C.the;a D.a;a 分析:第1题答案为C,考查不定冠词an的用法;第2题答案为D,考查不定冠词a的用法。 二、考查定冠词 定冠词特指一特定名词,它在特指的人和物、与天文地理有关的名词、乐器名词、形容词最高级、年代名词、方位名词以及在“两者中较……”句型中的比较级等前,the均不可省。这种题设题目的明确,针对性较强,就是要考查定冠词的用法。如: 1.Summer in ___ south of France is for ___ most part dry and sunny. A.不填;a B.the;不填 C.不填;不填 D.the;the 2.A bullet hit the soldier and he was wounded in___ leg. A.a B.one C.the D.his 3.Alexander Graham Bell invented ___ telephone in 1876. A.不填 B.a C.the D.one 分析:第1题答案为D,第2题答案为C,第3题答案为C,均考查定冠词the的用法。 三、考查零冠词 零冠词指的是名词前不加冠词的情况,比如在三餐饭、季节、月份、星期、体育运动等特定名词前,大多数节日前,表示独一无二的职务前等,都是不加冠词的。这种题在平时的练习中出现得较多,在比较大型的考试中,单一考查零冠词的情况一般比较少。如: 1.___ terrible weather we’ve been having these days! A.How a B.What a C.How D.What 2.Father went to his doctor for ___ about his heart trouble. A.an advice B.advice C.advices D.the advices 分析:第1题答案为D,不可数名词前一般不加不定冠词。第2题答案为B,某些抽象名词前,如weather,progress,fun, advice, news, information, work, money, music,luck,change等,一般不加冠词。 四、综合考查不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词 这是高考经常会出现的考查形式。我们查阅近十年的高考英语试卷发现,几乎每年高考都考查了冠词这个知识点。它一般是把不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词结合起来考查,试题难度相对较大,考生如果没有充分掌握冠词的基本用法,就不容易把这种题目回答准确。如: 1.It is often said that ____ teachers have ____ very easy life. A.不填;不填 B.不填;a C.the;不填 D.the;a 2.After watching ____TV,she played____violin for an hour. A.不填;不填 B.the;the C.the;不填 D.不填;the 分析:第1题答案为B,考查零冠词和不定冠词的用法;第2题答案为D,考查零冠词和定冠词的用法。 【考题设计】 1.Most animals have little connection with ___ animals of ___ different kind unless they kill them for food. A.the;a B.不填;a C.the;the D.不填;不填 2.This book tells ____ life story of John Smith,who left ____ school and worked for a newspaper at the age of 16. A.the;the B.a;the C.the;不填 D.a;不填 3.Wouldn’t it be ____ wonderful world if all nations lived in ______ peace with one another? A.a;不填 B.the;不填 C.a;the D.the;the 4.Paper money was in____ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in ____ thirteenth century. A.the;不填 B.the;the C.不填;the D.不填;不填 5.—Where’s Jack? —I think he’s still in____ bed,but he might just be in ____bathroom.
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