一、教学目的和要求
1.单词和词组:
the other day |
goldfish |
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L.45L四会 |
breath |
hold one’s breath |
throw at |
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L.46 |
fine (vi.) |
dish |
get away |
fall over |
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L.47 |
recent |
exercise (vi) |
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L.48 |
tank |
underwater |
bush |
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L.45三会 |
lion |
Green Park Zoo |
attack |
frighten |
pale |
L.46 |
stare |
stare at |
carry off |
so as to |
attract |
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keeper |
struggle to one’s feet |
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speed up |
flow |
L.47 |
exact |
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L.48 |
for one thing |
centimetre (cm) |
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L.45二会 |
Cousins |
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L.46 |
Jo run out of |
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L.47 |
2.日常交际用语:
复习第七至十一单元出现过的日常交际用语。
3.语法:
复习第七至十一单元出现过的重点语法项目。
二、重点与难点
L.45
1. We need to find one about 30 centimeters (cm) by 30cm by 50cm .
我们需要找一个大约30公分宽、50公分长的水箱。
句中的30cm by 30cm by 50cm是体积的表示法,其中介词by表示“用……去乘”的意思,分别表示宽、高、长的长度。例如:
I want to buy a cage 1.5m by 1.5m by 3m.
我想买一个1.5米宽、1.5m高、3m长的笼子。
另外,句中的体积表示法也可以写出1.5m×1.5m×3m
2. Check the prices before you decide whether to buy one .
要看好价格,然后再决定买不买。
句中的whether to buy one是疑问词+不定式结构,作及物动词的宾语。在此“whether”作“是否”解,在这种结构中,不能用if代替(if to buy one是错误的)。例如:
We haven’t decided whether to have a party .
我们还没决定是否举行一次聚会。
They didn’t tell us when to paint the house .
他们没告诉我们什么时候粉刷房屋。
The worker showed us how to operate the machine .
这位工人告诉我们怎样操作这台机器。
3. For one thing they keep the water clean . Also they make the tank look much prettier .
一则它们(水下植物)可以使水保持清洁,再则他们可以便水箱看起来漂亮些。
a)句中的for one thing意思是“首先”,“一则”,用来举出理由,常用在For one thing…,for another…或For one thing…Also…这种结构中,意思为“一则……,再则……”或“首先……,其次……”。例如:
I can’t stay here for long . For one thing , I’ve no time . For another , I’ve no money .
我不能在此逗留太久。首先,我没时间,其次,我没有钱。
I think she’s fit for the job . For one thing , she dances . Also she’s fond of singing .
我认为她适合这个工作。一则她会跳舞,再则她喜欢唱歌。
b)keep在句中是“使……保持”的意思,make是“使/让……”的意思,在这二个词的后面都跟复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)。在本句中,keep后面的复合宾语是“名词+形容词”(keep the water clean);而make后的复合宾语是“名词+不带to的不定式”(make the tank look prettier)。例如:
Good food keeps you healthy .
好的食物能使你保持健康。
Please keep the room clean .
请保持室内清洁。
He made his parents happy .
他使他的父母高兴。(这是跟“名词+形容词”的复合宾语。)
They made the child cry .
他们把孩子给弄哭了。
L.46
1. The manager of the zoo said that the young lion , which was born in the zoo and is now six months old , would probably not attack people .
动物园的经理说,幼狮是在动物园出生的,只有六个月,很可能不会咬人。
a)这是一个主从复合句,其中的主句是“The manager of the zoo said”,其后跟了一个由that补导的宾语从句“that the young lion…would probably not attack people”,而在这一从句中,又插入了一个非限定性定语从句“which was born…six months old”,来修饰先行词the young lion .
b)句中的副词probably作“或许”,“可能”解,是most likely(很可能)的意思。所学过的类似的副词有:possibly , maybe , perhaps。另外还有形容词likely,也有很可能的意思。这些词都表示可能性,但在程度上和用法上稍有不同。perhaps作“或许”解,含有“也许如此”,“也许不如此”的意味,它和possibly的意味相似,但possibly通常与情态动词can , may , must等词连用。例如:
Perhaps it is true ./It may possibly be true .这也许是真的。
△Maybe也作“或许”解,同perhaps的意思接近,但比perhaps更为普通,它是英国英语,而maybe是美国英语。例如:
Perhaps it is true ./Maybe it is true .这或许是真的。
△probably也是“或许”、“可能”的意思,它比perhaps和possibly所表示的可能性大。例如:
They will perhaps succeed ./They may possibly succeed .
这二句语的意思是“他们或许会成功。”其中含有“不会成功”的意思较多。
但下面这个句中表达的意思则是含有“会成功”的意思较多。例如:
They will probably succeed .他们很可能会成功。
△而形容词likely也有“很可能的意思,大体上和probable同义,但比probable更为多用。在用法上他们也是有些不同的。likely后面常跟动词不定式式(be likely to do sth .);而probable之后通常不跟不定式。例如:
He is likely to come .
他很可能会来。
在这外句子中,likely不可用probable代替。但在下面的句子中,probable却可以代替likely。例如:
It is likely that he’ll come ./It is probable that he’ll come .
2. Anyone who sees the lion is asked to telephone the zoo and the police .
无论谁看到这头狮子请打电话给动物园和警察。
句中的anyone who相当于whoever。anyone为代词,意思是“任何人”,“无论何人”。
例如:I didn’t see anyone . 我没见到任何人。
Does anyone know the answer ? 有人知道答案吗?
请注意区别anyone与any one。anyone是代词,作“任何人”解;any one可起形容词的作用,也可起代词的作用,意思是“任何一个的”,“任何一个人(一件事)”。
另外any one后可接of短语,而anyone则不可以接of短语。例如:
I didn’t ask anyone to help me with the work .
我没有请任何人帮忙。
I didn’t ask any one of them to help me with the work .
我没有请他们中的任何一个人帮忙。
3. Mrs Cousins was making a lot of noise with the pans and did not hear anything unusual .
卡曾斯太太摆弄锅盘的响声很大,所以她没听见有什么特殊的动静。
句中的noise一词的意思是“声音”,尤指喧闹声,噪音。make a noise作“喧嚷”、“吵闹”、“发出噪音”解。例如:
Don’t make so much noise ./Don’t make such a loud noise . The baby is sleeping .
别这么吵闹,小婴儿正在睡觉。
我们学过表示“声音”的词还有:voice和sound,表示“声音”时,这三个词可以通用。例如:
I heard a voice/sound/noise .
我听到了一个声音。
但是它们分别又各有特定的含义。
△noise作“噪音”、“嘈杂声”、“吵闹声”,主要指不悦耳,不和谐的声音,它既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词。例如:
Noise is another kind of pollution .
噪音是另外一种污染。
Very loud noise can make people ill , or even drive them mad .
很大的噪音可以使人得病,甚至使人发狂。
△voice多指人发出的声音,包括说话声,歌声或笑声,有时也用于引申的意义,作“意见”、“发言权”解。例如:
They boy shouted at the top of his voice .
那男孩高声呼叫。
I’m sorry I didn’t recognize your voice .
对不起,我没听出来你的声音。
She has a sweet voice .
她的声音甜美。
I’ve no voice in the matter .
对于这件事,我无发言权。
△sound含义最广,指可以听到的任何声音。例如:
a weak sound微弱的声音,a strange sound奇怪的声音,the sound of music音乐之声。
I heard a strange sound outside .
我听到外面有一种奇怪的声音。
He went upstairs , without a sound .
他悄悄地上了楼。
4. She was just about to open the window and shouted at the dog to frighten it , when she stopped and stood quite still .
她正准备打开窗户,大声吓唬一下那条狗,这时她突然停住了,站着一动也不动。
a)句中的be about to do sth表示“即将做某事”,“马上就要做某事”,“正要做某事”。例如:
Don’t go out now . we’re about to have lunch .
现在不要出去,我们就要开饭了。
We were just about to leave when you telephoned .
我们正要离开时,你来电话了。
这里需要注意的是,about常与when搭配使用,这时其句子的特点是英语主从关系和汉语的主从关系恰好相反,比如上面的这个句子,英语中when you telephoned是时间状语从句,而汉语句中则是主句,而we were about to leave在英语中是主句,汉语中却成了从句。又如:
I was about to start when it began to rain .
我正要动身,就开始下雨了。
b)句中的when是连词,连接两个并列的分句,意思是“届时”,“在那时”,“……然后”,必要时在when的从句之前加逗号。例如:
I was about to go to bed last night , when I heard a cry for help .
昨晚我正要睡觉时,突然听到了呼救声。
My friend Jack came to see me , when I had dinner .
我的朋友杰克来看我,那时我正在吃晚饭。
c)句中的stood quite still短语中stood可以看作是系动词,后面跟的是形容词still作表语,意思是“静止的”,“不出声的”。to stand still相当于to remain unmoving and silent,用以说明句子中的主语所处于某种状态。类似的动词还有sit , lie,在这些词后也可以跟形容词作表语,对句子的主语进行描述。例如:
He stood still , watching the old people playing chess .
他站在那儿一动也不动,观看着老人们下棋。
He lay awake , thinking about changing his job .
他毫无睡意地躺着,考虑要换个工作。
She sat still , waiting for their decision .
她坐着不动,等候他们的决定。
5. At that very moment , the animal bent over the baby .
就在那一刹那,狮子俯身看着婴儿。
a)句中的very是形容词,用来加强语气,作“正好”,“就在”,“正是”解。例如
That’s the very thing I’m after .
那正是我在追求的东西
This is the very man we have been talking about .
这个人正是我们在谈论的(那个)人。
b)动词bend意为“弯腰”,“曲身”,“屈服”,与over一起构成短评动词相当于turn over , lean to the ground,例如:
The tall man bent to listen to the little boy .
那位高个子男人弯下腰来听小男孩讲话。
I can’t bend before them .
我不能向他们屈服。
He stopped and bent over to tie his shoes .
他停下来,弯腰系鞋带。
6. Mrs , Cousins held her breath , and her whole body went cold .
卡曾斯太太屏住呼吸,全身发冷。
a)句中的短语hold one’s breath意思是“屏住呼吸”,“不出声”。例如:
How long can you hold your breath for ?
你能屏住呼吸多久?
The audience held their breath as the acrobat walked along the tightrope .
杂技演员走钢丝时,观从们都屏住了呼吸。
b)句中的went(go为原形)作系动词用,意思是“变得”(同become),cold是形容词,作表语,说明主语发生的变化。类似的系动词还有:fall , get , turn等。例如:
Eggs are easy to go bad in summer .
在夏天,鸡蛋容易变坏。
It’s getting dark , let’s stop working .
天快黑了,咱们停止工作吧。
The leaves of the trees turn green when spring comes .
当春天来临时,树叶就变绿了。
Before liberation , he often went hungry .
解放前,他经常挨饿。
Has anything gone wrong with the machine ?
机器出什么毛病了吗?
7. Worse still , it could even carry off the baby in its mouth .
更糟的是,狮子甚至可能把婴儿叼走。
句中的worse still是“更糟糕的是……”,同于what’s worse .这是形容词词组构成的插入语,用来作补充说明,插入语后面通常用逗号同句子的其它成分分开。例如:
Lots of trees were blown down , Worse still (What’s worse) , some people were killed or injured .
许多树木被风刮倒了,更糟糕的是,还死伤了一些人。
It was very cold last night . Worse still , it was snowing .
昨天晚上很冷,更糟的是,还下着雪。
8. There was not a moment to lose . ( = She had no time to waste .)
不能再耽误了。
There was not a moment to lose .
是一个固定的表达法,意思是“立即行动起来”,“一刻也不能耽误”。lose在这里作“耽搁”,“浪费时间”解。例如:
Hurry up , there’s not a moment to lose .
快点,一刻也不能耽搁了。
She’s very ill .Take her to the hospital and there’s not a moment to lose .
她病得不轻,快送她去医院,一刻也不能耽误。
9. The lion looked at her as she swung the pork in her hand so as to attrack the lion’s attention .
当她摇晃着手中的猪肉吸引狮子的注意力时,狮子看着她。
句中的attract是“吸引”,“引起注意”,“引起兴趣”的意思,(=draw)。例如:
The new film in going to attract a lot of visitors .
这部新影片会很受欢迎的。
The newly built museum began to attract a lot of visitors .
这座新建的博物馆吸引了不少参观者。
10. “Here ! Eat that !” she cried as she threw the leg of pork as far as she could onto the grass away from the table .
她一边尽可能地把猪腿扔到远离桌子的草地上,一边喊着,“喂,吃这个吧!”
a)句中的here,是感叹词,用来引起别人注意,译时比较灵活。例如:
Here , look at the beautiful picture !
喂,请看这张美丽的画片!
Here , don’t walk so quickly .
喂,别走那么快。
Here , give me a hand .
喂,请帮帮我。
b) as far as she could后面省略了动词throw,这是一个状语从句,相当于as far as possible(尽可能远)。
这二个结构是这样的:
as + adj./adv. + as + one can .
as + adj./adv. + as possible .
例如:
I shall come to see you as often as I can/possible .
我会尽可能常来看你。
I’ll try to work as hand as I can/possible .
我将尽可能地努力工作。
L.47
1. It’s not safe to go outside until it is caught .
在抓住它之前,外出是不安全的。
a)在这个句子中,句首的it是形式主语,真正的主语是不定式短语to go outside,而第二个短语是人称代词,在这里代替的是the young lion。
b)在这里要注意的是句中not…until…的结构,其中的until相当于before的意思。这种结构的句子,翻译时可以译作“在……之前不……”,也可以译作“到……之后才……”。
如本课中的这句话还可以译作“抓住狮子之后,外出才是安全的。”请看下面的句子:
Don’t leave until I come back .
在我回来之前不要离开。(我回来之后再离开。)
We won’t do anything until we’ve thought it over .
在我们仔细考虑之前,我们不会做任何事情的。(在我们仔细考虑之后才会去做的。)
He didn’t do his homework until his mother came home .
他妈妈回到家之后他才做功课。
2. Two keepers from the zoo came into the house and looked into the garden .
动物园的两位饲养员走进屋来,察看了一下花园里情况。
句中的动词短语look into的意思是“调查”,“研究”,“了解”的意思,但在本句中有“观察”,“调查”之意。例如:
We’ll look into this matter together .
我们将一起调查这件事。
The police are looking into the records of all those involved in the crime .
警察在查阅所有被牵扯到这个案子里的人的档案。
其实look into的本意是“向里面看”。例如:
Father said to his son , “look into the box and tell me what you see” .
父亲对儿子说:“朝箱子里面,然后告诉我你看到了什么”。
3. Walking slowly across the grass he pointed the pipe at the lion and fired .
慢慢地穿过草地,他把枪筒对准狮子,紧接着他就开枪了。
a)句首的walking slowly across the grass是~ing短语作状语 ,表示伴随的动作。这种~ing短语作状语时,可以放在句首也可以放在句末。
b)句中的point…at…是“把……对准”,“指向”的意思。另外point to的意思是“指”“指着”的意思。例如:
She was pointing her fingers at him .
她把手指指着他。
“Point the gun at the target” , the officer ordered .
军官命令道“把枪对准靶子”。
The hands of the clock pointed to ten .
钟表的指针指着十点。
It’s impolite to point your fingers at people .
用手指指人是不礼貌的。
4. The lion made a sudden angry noise and struggled to its feet .
狮子突然发出一声怒吼,挣扎着站了起来。
a)句中的make a noise是“发出响声”的意思,在noise一词之前可以加形容词或不定代词,如make a great noise(发出很大的响声),make a loud noise(发出闹声),make no noise(不发出声响)等。另外,noise一词可以是可数名词也可以是不可数名词。例如:
Don’t make any noise . The hildren are sleeping .
别吵闹,孩子们正在睡觉呢。
What’s that noise ?
那是什么响?
Who’s making those strange noises ?
谁弄出的那种怪声?
b)句中的struggle to one’s feet短语是“挣扎着站起来”的意思。动词struggle是“挣扎”,“奋力”,“作努力”,“斗争”的意思。例如:
The people were struggling to get out of the burning building .
人们奋力逃离出燃烧着的建筑物。
A bird was caught and was struggling to get free .
小鸟被捉并且奋力挣脱。
5. After a moment , it fell over and lay still .
不一会儿,它(狮子)就摔倒在地,一动不动了。
句中的fall over是“摔倒”的意思。例如:
A girl fell over and hit her head .
小女孩摔倒了,碰了头。
He fell over a rock and hurt himself .
他跌倒在石头上并且受了伤。
The hunter fired and the deer fell over dead .
猎人开枪了,鹿儿倒下死了。
三、同步测试
I选择最佳答案
1. She seems to the People’s Park before .
A. be visiting B. have visited C. visit D. had visited
2. If you go to see the film , so I .
A. go B. am C. do D. will
3. He is not fit for the position . For one thing , he’s not received enough education . For he doesn’t work hard .
A. one other B. the second C. the other thing D. another
4. Worse , they lost their way in the forest .
A. still B. all C. also D. more
5. Please keep when I take the picture f you .
A. calm B. quietly C. still D. silently
6. Not asking of his friends to help , the boy did it by himself .
A. someone B. anyone C. anybody D. any one
7. I’ve written to my family, them about my school life here .
A. and tell B. to be told C. telling D. tell
8. “Please get yourselves for the coming exam” , the teacher said to the students.
A. to prepare B. prepared C. prepare D. preparing
9. Do you still remember the match we watched several months ago ?
A. for a time B. sometimes C. sometime D. at times
10.──When can you finish it ?
──It’s hard to say . I’ll finish it .
A. as fast as possible B. as soon as possible
C. as much as possible D. as possible as I can
11. It’s never easy to succeed hard work .
A. after B. unless C. without D. with
12. All the problems raised at the meeting were solved .
A. one from the other B. one to another
C. one by one D. one after one
13. What kind of did you see in the zoo ?
A. the new animal B. a new animal C. an animal D. new animal
14. He saw a boy running out the big tree .
A. from behind B. from C. around D. of
15. He likes doing his homework with the radio on .
A. to turn B. turning C. turned D. turn
16. Anyone who breaks the law can’t escape .
A. punishing B. being punished C. punished D. from punishing
17. The most interesting thing about this animal is it lives on .
A. how B. what C. which D. where
18. It was yesterday that I the news .
A. until , didn’t know B. not until , knew
C. until , knew D. not since , knew
19. The doctor asked Charlie to breathe deeply , and .
A. did Charlie so B. Charlie so did
C. so Charlie did D. so did Charlie
20. The needle of a compass(指南针)always the south .
A. refers at B. points at C. points to D. refers to
II完形填空
The United States is full of cars . There are still many families 1 cars , but some families have two or more . However , cars are used for 2 joy . They are a necessary part of 3 .
Cars are used for 4 . They are driven to offices and factories by workers who have 5 to get to their jobs . When 6 are sent to different parts of the city , They have to drive in order to 7 their goods , Farmers have to drive into cities in order to buy things .
Sometimes small children 8 be driven to school , In some cities school buses are used only 9 children who live more than a mile 10 school . When children are too young to walk 11 far , their 12 take turns to drive them to school , One mother drives on Monday , taking her own children and the 13 as well . Another mother drives on Tuesday , another on Wednesday 14 , So people say they 15 a car pool . Men also form car pools-three or four of them take turns to drive to the place 16 they all work .
More car pools should be formed in order to put 17 cars on the road and to use less oil . Car-leaving place is a great problem , and 18 is the over-busy road
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