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冠词是一种虚词,没有意义,不能单独使用,只能帮助名词或起名词作用的其他词类说明其意义。高考对冠词基本用法的考查年年都有,尤其是对定冠词的考查。 一、 对不定冠词的考查 不定冠词常用于泛指,高考主要考查不定冠词的下列用法。 1.类别用法,表示某一类人或物。如: (1)Jumping out of ____airplaneat ten thousand feet is quite ____excitingexperience. NMET2002 A. /;the B. /;an C. an;an D. the;the [C] (2)She is_____ newcomerto _____chemistry but she has alreadymade some important discoveries.(NMET1994) A. the; the B.the;/ C.a;/ D.a;the [C] 2.指量用法,指“一个”“一张”“一条”等,相当于one。如:It is____work of art that everyonewants to have a look at it.(1998年上海高考题) A. so unusual B.such unusual C. such an unusualD. so an unusual[C] 3.习惯用法。如: —I’d like ____ informationabout the management of your hotel, please. —Well,you could have ____wordwith the manager. He might be helpful.NMET1995 A. some;a B. an;some C. some; some D. an; a A 注:have a word with为一固定搭配,意为“与……谈谈话”。 4.转化用法,即不可数名词的具体化。这是近年考得较多的冠词考点。 不可数名词前一般不加不定冠词。但某些物质名词和抽象名词,比如tea,rain,water,snow,ink,soup,coffee,surprise, pity, pleasure, delight, joy, education, history,love,courage, success,failure,comfort,beauty, knowledge等,用来表示“一种”“一类”“一番”具体的人或事等意义时,其前常加不定冠词。如: What a big supper he had!Hewas really hungry.他吃饭吃得太多了,他真的饿了。 Bamboo can be made intoa fine paper.竹子可以制成一种优质纸。 He is a success.他成功了。 What a big surprise youreally gave us by coming so suddenly!你来得这么突然,真是让我们惊奇不已。 (1)Many people agree that____knowledge of English is a must in ____international trade today.(NMET1996) A. a; / B. the;an C. the; the D. /;the [A] 注:knowledge是抽象名词,本题中的knowledge不是泛指意义,而是将其具体化,表示“对……有某种程度的了解”,因此knowledge前要加不定冠词。此题中的trade是表动作类的名词,为抽象名词,不可数,在此题中用来泛指,故前面不加冠词。 (2)One way to understandthousands of new words is to gain ____ good knowledge of basic word formation.2002年上海高考题 A. / B.the C. a D. one [C] 二、 对定冠词的考查 定冠词特指一特定名词。近几年高考题比较全面地考查了定冠词the的用法。 1.在特指的人或物前。如: (1)Mr Smith, there’s a man at ____frontdoor who says he has ____ news for you of great importance.(2001年春季高考题) A. the; / B. the;the C. /;/ D. /;the [A] (2)Many people are stillin ____habit of writing silly things in ____public places.(NMET 1993) A. the;the B. /;/ C. the;/ D. /; the[C] 2.在与天文、地理有关的名词前。如: Beyond ____stars,the astronautsaw nothing but____ space.(MET 1990) A. the;/ B. /;the C. /;/ D. the;the [A] 3.在表示整个类属的名词以及由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如: Alexander Graham Bellinvented ____telephone in 1876. (MET1991) A. / B. a C. the D. one [C] 4.在乐器名词前。如: Alice is fond of playing____ piano while Henry is interested in listening to ____ music.MET1989 A. /; the B. /; / C. the;/ D. the;the [C] 5.在形容词最高级前,以及在“两者中较……”句型中的比较级前。如: (1)Of the two shirts,I’d like to choose ____one.1994年上海高考题 A. the less expensive B. the most expensive C. less expensive D. most expensive [A] (2)The salesman showedher several bagsand she chose ____ one as she didn’t wantto spend too much money on it. 1991年上海高考题 A. the less expensive B. less expensive C. the least expensive D. least expensive [C] 6.姓氏复数前加the表示夫妻二人或一家人。如: ____will make a trip aroundthe world during the coming Christmas.1993年上海高考题 A. The Whites B. The White’s C. Whites D. White’s [A] 7.在年代名词、方位名词、序数词前,the不能省略。如: (1)It was not rare in ____that people in____ fifties are going to university for further education.1999年上海高考题 A. 1990s;the B. the1990s;/ C. 1990s;theirD. the 1990s; their[D] (2)____ cave that Georgehas discovered in his life time is near Alps. 1992年上海高考题 A. Hundredth B. The hundredth C. The hundred D. A hundredth [B] (3)The cakes are delicious.He’d like to have ____ third one because ____ second one is rather too small.2002年上海春季高考题 A. a; a B. the;the C. a;the D. the;a [C] 注:a third 表示“再一个、又一个”之意,不强调序数词的概念。 (4)Summer in____southof France is for ____most part dry and sunny. 2000年春季高考题 A. /;a B. the;/ C. /;/ D. the;the [D] 8.固定搭配。如: A bullet hit the soldierand he was wounded in ____ leg.2001年上海高考题 A. a B. one C. the D. his [C] 三、对零冠词的考查 零冠词指的是名词前不加冠词,如在三餐饭、季节、月份、星期、体育运动等特定名词前,大多数节日前,表示独一无二的职务前等,都是不加冠词的。高考对零冠词的考查主要集中在以下三个方面。 1. 不可数名词前一般不加不定冠词。 某些抽象名词,如weather,progress,fun,advice,news, information, work, money, music, luck, change等,即使有形容词修饰,前面也不能加不定冠词。如: (1)____terrible weatherwe’ve been having these days NMET1992 A. How a B. What a C. How D. What [D] (2)The warmth of____ sweaterwill of course be determined by the sort of ____wool used.(NMET 2001) A. the;the B. the;/ C./;the D. /;/ [B] 注:此题的意思是,毛衣的保暖程度当然取决于使用的毛的种类。此题中的“毛衣”和“毛”都是泛指。前者为可数名词,可加定冠词,也可加不定冠词;后者为不可数名词,故不加冠词。 2.可数名词复数表类别时,不用冠词修饰。如: (1)Most animals have littleconnection with ____animals of ____different kind unless they kill them for food.(NMET2000) A. the;a B./;a C. the;the D. /;the [B] 注:此题中的第二个空格填不定冠词,因为a differentkind泛指任何一种不同的种类。 (2)I don’t like talkingon ____ telephone;I prefer writing ____letters.2002年春季高考题 A. a;the B. the;/ C. the;the D. a; / [B] 3.习惯用法。如: (1)—Where’s Jack? —I think he’s still in____bed,but he might just be in ____bathroom.(NMET 1992) A./;/ B. the;the C. the;/ D. /;the [D] (2)Paper money was in____use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in ____thirteenth century.(NMET1999) A. the;/ B. the;the C. /;the D. /;/ [C] (3)Wouldn’t it be ____wonderfulworld if all nations lived in ____peace with one another? A. a; / B. the; / C. a;the D. the; the[A] 转载请注明来源于:免费教育资源网(http://ttshopping.net/) |
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