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中考数学一轮基础复习试卷:分式及其运算含试卷分析答题技巧备考2018年中考数学一轮基础复习:专题四分式及其运算一、单选题(共15题;共30分)1.(2017o贺州)下列式子中是分式的是()A.1/πB.x/3C.1/(x-1)D.2/52.如果把分式10x/(x+y)中的x、y都扩大到原来的10倍,则分式的值()A.扩大100倍B.扩大10倍C.不变D.缩小到原来的1/103.(2017o桂林)若分式(x^2-4)/(x+2)的值为0,则x的值为()A.﹣2B.0C.2D.±24.(2017o广州)计算(a2b)3ob^2/a的结果是()A.a5b5B.a4b5C.ab5D.a5b65.下列分式中,最简分式有()a^3/(3x^2),(x-y)/(x^2+y^2),(m^2+n^2)/(m^2-n^2),(m+1)/(m^2-1),(a^2-2ab+b^2)/(a^2-2ab-b^2)A.2个B.3个C.4个D.5个6.(2017o乐山)若a2﹣ab=0(b≠0),则a/(a+b)=()A.0B.1/2C.0或1/2D.1或27.下列运算正确的是()A.(2a2)3=6a6B.﹣a2b2o3ab3=﹣3a2b5C.(a^2-1)/ao1/(a+1)=﹣1D.b/(a-b)+a/(b-a)=﹣18.(2017o山西)化简4x/(x^2-4)﹣x/(x-2)的结果是()A.﹣x2+2xB.﹣x2+6xC.﹣x/(x+2)D.x/(x-2)9.(2017o河北)若(3-2x)/(x-1)=____+1/(x-1),则横线上的数是()A.﹣1B.﹣2C.﹣3D.任意实数10.(2017o北京)如果a2+2a﹣1=0,那么代数式(a﹣4/a)oa^2/(a-2)的值是()A.﹣3B.﹣1C.1D.311.(2017o北京)若代数式x/(x-4)有意义,则实数x的取值范围是()A.x=0B.x=4C.x≠0D.x≠412.(2017o眉山)已知1/4m2+1/4n2=n﹣m﹣2,则1/m﹣1/n的值等于()A.1B.0C.﹣1D.﹣1/413.下列运算结果为x﹣1的是()A.1﹣1/xB.(x^2-1)/xox/(x+1)C.(x+1)/x÷1/(x-1)D.(x^2+2x+1)/(x+1)14.若分式x^2/(x-1)□x/(x-1)运算结果为x,则在"□"中添加的运算符号为()A.+B.﹣C.+或×D.﹣或÷15.(2017·丽水)化简x^2/(x-1)+1/(1-x)的结果是()A.x+1B.x-1C.x2-1D.(x^2+1)/(x-1)二、填空题(共6题;共6分)16.当x=________时,分式3/(x-2)无意义.17.(2017o临沂)计算:(x-y)/x÷(x﹣(2xy-y^2)/x)=________.18.化简(x-3)(x+3)/(x^2+6x+9)÷(x-3)/(x+3)=________.19.若分式(x^3-3x^2+2x)/(x-1)的值为零,则x=________.20.在盒子里放有三张分别写有整式a+1、a+2、2的卡片,从中随机抽取两张卡片,把两张卡片上的整式分别作为分子和分母,则能组成分式的概率是________.21.(2017o滨州)观察下列各式:2/(1×3)=1/1﹣1/3;2/(2×4)=1/2﹣1/4;2/(3×5)=1/3﹣1/5;…请利用你所得结论,化简代数式:1/(1×3)+1/(2×4)+1/(3×5)+…+1/(n(n+2))(n≥3且n为整数),其结果为________.三、解答题(共4题;共27分)22.若有理数a.b满足|a﹣1|+|ab﹣3|=0,试求1/ab+1/((a+2)(b+2))+1/((a+4)(b+4))+…+1/((a+2016)(b+2016))的值.23.在数学课上,教师对同学们说:"你们任意说出一个x的值(x≠0,1,2),我立刻就知道式子(1+1/(x-2))÷(x-1)/(x^2-2x)的计算结果".请你说出其中的道理.24.(2017o吉林)某学生化简分式1/(x+1)+2/(x^2-1)出现了错误,解答过程如下:原式=1/((x+1)(x-1))+2/((x+1)(x-1))(第一步)=(1+2)/((x+1)(x-1))(第二步)=3/(x^2-1).(第三步)(1)该学生解答过程是从第________步开始出错的,其错误原因是________;(2)请写出此题正确的解答过程.25.(2017o达州)设A=(a-2)/(1+2a+a^2)÷(a﹣3a/(a+1)).(1)化简A;(2)当a=3时,记此时A的值为f(3);当a=4时,记此时A的值为f(4);…解关于x的不等式:(x-2)/2﹣(7-x)/4≤f(3)+f(4)+…+f(11),并将解集在数轴上表示出来.?答案解析部分一、单选题1.【答案】C2.【答案】C3.【答案】C4.【答案】A5.【答案】C6.【答案】C7.【答案】D8.【答案】C9.【答案】B10.【答案】C11.【答案】D12.【答案】C13.【答案】B14.【答案】D15.【答案】A二、填空题16.【答案】217.【答案】1/(x-y)18.【答案】119.【答案】0或220.【答案】2/321.【答案】(n+1)/(2(n+2))三、解答题22.【答案】解:由题意可知:a﹣1=0,ab﹣3=0,∴a=1,b=3,∴b﹣a=2,∴原式=1/2(1/a-1/b)+1/2(1/(a+2)-1/(b+2))+1/2(1/(a+4)-1/(b+4))+…+1/2(1/(a+2016)-1/(b+2016))=1/2(1/a﹣1/b+1/(a+2)﹣1/(b+2)+1/(a+4)﹣1/(b+4)+…+1/(a+2016)-1/(b+2016))=1/2(1/a﹣1/(b+2016))=1009/201923.【答案】解:∵原式=÷,=×=x.∴任意说出一个x的值(x≠0,1,2)均可以为此式的计算结果24.【答案】(1)一;分式的基本性质用错(2)解:原式=(x-1)/((x+1)(x-1))+2/((x+1)(x-1))=(x+1)/((x+1)(x-1))=1/(x-1)25.【答案】(1)解:A=÷(a﹣)=====(2)解:∵a=3时,f(3)=,a=4时,f(4)=,a=5时,f(5)=,…∴﹣≤f(3)+f(4)+…+f(11),即﹣≤++…+∴﹣≤+…+,∴﹣≤,∴﹣≤,解得,x≤4,∴原不等式的解集是x≤4,在数轴上表示如下所示,
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