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动词不定式(短语)是非谓语动词的一种, 在句中常作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语等,且有时态、语态等形式的变化。不定式用法多样,形式灵活,因而成为历年高考的热点。现结合高考真题将有关问题解析如下。
一、考查动词不定式(短语)的句法功能
(一)作主语
动词不定式可以作句子的主语,这时谓语动词用单数。若不定式主语较长,常用it来代替它作形式主语,而将真实主语不定式短语移到谓语之后,以免句子结构头重脚轻。如:
1. When and where to build the new factory ____ yet.
A. is not decided B. are not decided
C. has not decided D. have not decided (91国)
2. I love to go to the seaside in summer. It ____ good to lie in the sun or swim in the cold sea.
A. does B. feels C. gets D. makes (96国)
动词不定式作主语时,it为形式主语的常见句型有:
① It is easy /difficult/hard /important/right/ wrong/ possible/ necessary, /foolish/ kind...to do...
②It is a pleasure /pity/ pleasant thing/ an honour...to do...
③It takes (sb.) some time to do...
...
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