一、教学目的和要求：

     ⒈ 单词和词组：

        shape ring(n.) collection bank material hide hand out L.22四会

        here and there look round

        envelope sooner or later pick up pack packs of L.23

        cheaply

        cock shame coin L.21三会

        silver penny(pl. pence) mine(n.) possibly whenever L.22

        trade whatever afford L.23

        seashell L.22二会

    ⒉ 日常交际用语

        复习第一至第五单元出现过的日常交际用语。

    ⒊ 语法：

复习第一至第五单元学习过的语法项目。

　

二、重点和难点：

L.21

    ⒈I’m afraid I don’t have it any more. 恐怕我再也没有了。

    句子的not any more (no more) 意为“不再”，“再也不”。

    在谈数量或程度时，可用no more；说时间时则用not any more。例如：

    There is no more bread. 没有面包了。（指数量）

    He is no more genius than I am. 他和我都不是天才。（指难度）

    He doesn’t live here any more. 他不住在这儿了。（指时间）

    Let him go alone. He isn’t a child any more. 让他一个人去吧。他不再是小孩子了。

    ⒉What a shame ! (what a pity!) 太遗憾了！真不巧！多可惜啊！

    这是两个日常交际用语中表示遗憾的句子。shame可作“可惋惜之事”解，无复数形式，前面常用不定冠词a。例如：

    You didn’t go to her birthday party. What a shame ! 真遗憾，你没有去参加她的生日聚会。

    She can’t join us in the travel. What s shame ! /What a pity!

    她不能参加我的旅行了，真是太遗憾了！

    在本课中还出现了这样一个句子：It’s a pity I didn’t think of it earlier. 很遗憾我没有早点想起这件事。

    这是由形式主语it引导的表示遗憾的用语，其句型结构是：It is a pity+that clause，由that引导的主语从句表示遗憾的具体内容，而that这一连词常可省略。例如：

    She can’t join us in the travel. What a pity! 也可以这样表示：

    It’s a pity (that) she can’t join us in the travel. 很遗憾她不能参加我们的旅行了。

　

L.22

    ⒈Later, another type of coin was used , with holes in it, and these were used for the next 2,000 years, that is, from 221 BC until 1916. 后来，使用一种中间有孔的硬币，这种硬币以后用了2,000年，即从公元前221年开始到1916年为止。

    a)句中的with holes in it是with的一个复合结构，在句中作定语，其结构是with+n.+介词短语，这时它相当一个定语从句（…which has holes in it），对先行词coin作补充说明。例如：

    I don’t know how to operate this new type of machine, with lots of meters on it. 我不知道如何操纵这种新型机器，上面有许多仪表。

    He used to live with his grandparents in a large house, with trees round it. 他曾和他的祖父母住在一座大房子里，四周皆是树木。

    另外，with的这种复合结构也可以用作方式状语。例如：

    We sat on the ground, with our backs to the wall. 我们坐在地上，面靠着墙。

    The wife came down the stairs, with her son in her arms. 妻子从楼上下来，怀中抱着她的儿子。

    b)句中的that is，作插入语用，对上文进行补充说明。这一插入语的前后通常用逗号同句子的其他部分分开。意思是“这就是说”，“也就是”。例如：

    Bruce lived in China for about two years, that is, from 1995 to 1997. 布鲁斯在中国住居约两年，即从1995年到1997年。

    She visited Shenzhen three years ago, that is, in 1996. 她三年前去过深圳，也就是说是在1996年的时候。

    ⒉coins may be of different sizes, weights, shapes, and of different metals.

    (=coins may be different in size, weight and shape, and they may be made of different metals.)硬币可能大小、轻重、形状不同，铸造的金属可能不一样。

    句中的of所引起的短语of different sizes, weights, shapes以及of different metals都用作表语，表示主语coins的特征。例如：

    The method is of great importance (=The method is very important. )这方法很重要。

    Your advice is of great help. (=your advice is helpful.) 你的忠告很有帮助。

    The professor’s suggestions are of much value. (=The professor’s suggestions are very valuable.) 教授的建议是很宝贵的。

    但在口语中，of有时可以省去，特别是在of短语之后还有修辞语的时候。例如：

    The girls are almost (of) the same height. 这些姑娘们差不多一般高。

    ⒊The earliest coins in the west were made of gold mixed with silver. 西方最早的硬币是用金和银的合金制成的。

    句中的mixed with silver是过去分词短词，作定语用，修辞gold，作定词用的过去时分词短词通常置于它所修饰的名词之后，大体相当于一个定语从句。例如：

    The building built last year (which was built last year ) is now a hospital. 去年建的大楼现在是家医院。

    The young girl dressed in red (who is dressed in red) is a dancer.

    穿红衣服的那位年轻的姑娘是舞蹈演员。

    需要注意的是：当单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词前面。例如：

    Who is your most respected teacher ? Mr Li is。谁是你的最尊敬的老师？李先生。

    The broken window has been repaired. 那扇坏窗子已经修好了。

    ⒋The new Chinese panda coin is made of 99.99% gold. 新的中国熊猫硬币的含金量为99.99%。

    a)句中的be made of短语意为“由……制造”。用这一结构时，主要是指成品中可以看出原材料，其制作过程中仅发生了物理变化。例如：

    The desks and chairs are made of wood. 课桌和椅子是用木头制造的。

    There wine bottles are made of glass. 这些酒瓶是用玻璃做的。

    但有些制品制成后，已看不出原材料，其制作过程发生了化学变化，这时则由短语be made from表示。例如：

    Gas is made from coal. 煤气由煤制成。

    This kind of wine is made from grape. 这种酒是葡萄做的。

    b)99.99%读作ninety─nine, point ninety─nine percent, 拼写时percent也可以分开写成per cent.

    ⒌It contained 54, 951 coins dating from the years 260-275 A.D. 那一堆硬币共有54,951枚，制币时间是公元260年至275年之间。

    a)句中的it指上文提到的the collection of coins found in England in 1978.

    b)dating from短语在句中作定语，相当于一个定语从句……which dated from the years…，修饰先行词coins, date在这里是不及物动词，意思是“起始”，“兴起于……”，常与介词from一起构成短语date from, 作“始于……”时期（=come into being or come from a centain time.）。例如：

    This castle dates from the 14^th century. 这座城堡建于14世纪。

    The Great Wall dates from the third century BC. 长城始建于公元前三世纪。

    date作名词时，意思为“日期”，“日子”。例如：

    Today’s date is the 23rd of October. 今天是10月23日。

    Has the date of the meeting been fixed? 开会的日期定下来了吗？

    ⒍It is known that thousands of Chinese worked in the gold mines in the late 19^th century. 众所周知，在十九世纪末成千上万的中国工人在金矿里干活。

    a)It is known that…是一固定句型，其中it是形式主语，that引导的句子是真正的主语类似这样的结构还有：It is reported that…, it is announced that…, It is said that…。例如：

    It is reported that the old building burned down last week dated from the early 187os.据报道，上周烧毁的那座古代的建筑物始建于十九世纪初。

    It is said that she started to learn to swim in her late fifties.据说她在她近六十岁时开始学游泳的。

    b)句中的late为形容词，表示“后期”、“末期”，而early则表示“早期”、“初期”。例如在上面的二个句子中分别出现了the early 187os十九世纪初和in her late fifties在她近六十岁时。

    ⒎It is possible that one of them kept a kind of bank where the workers could keep their money safe.其中有一个人可能开了一个钱庄，工人们可以把钱安全地存放在那里。

    a)这是一个由形成主语it引导的句子，其真正的主语是that引导的句子，其结构是It It is+adj.+that clause. 例如：

    It is possible that it will rain tomorrow.明天可能会下雨。

    It is important that every student follows the teacher’s advice. 每个学生都应听从老师的忠告，这一点很重要。

    另外，要注意possible, probable和likely的区别：possible表示客观上潜在的可能性；probable表示有几分根据的推测；而likely则表示有充分根据的推测。

    b)句中的keep a bank意思是“开办银行”。这里keep是及物动词，作“经营”、“养活”、“管理”解，后跟名词作宾语。例如：

    My father keeps a shop in a small village. 我父亲在一个小村子里开了家商店。

    The old woman has a young girl to keep her house. 这位老妇人雇佣了一位年轻的姑娘替她管家。

    He has to work very hard to keep the family. 为了养家糊口他得努力工作。

    c)本句中的keep the money safe这一结构中，keep也是及物动词，但意为“保持（某种状况）”，其后跟的是带形容词的复合结构：keep+n.+adj.，例如：

    We should keep our classroom clean and tidy. 我们应该保持教室的整洁。

    Put the food into the refrigerator to keep it cool, or it will go bad. 把这些食物放在冰箱里以便冷藏，否则会变坏的。

L.23

    ⒈At the beginning, collect as many stamps as you can. 首先，尽可能多地收集邮票。

    a)at the beginning意为“首先”、“起初”类似的短语还有in the beginning, at first 其反义词组是in the end, at last或副词finally.

    b)as… as one can意为“尽力”、“尽……可能”，与as…as possible意思相同。例如：

    Please start as early as you can (=Please start as early as possible.)请尽早出发。

    We should work as hard as we can.(=we should work as hard as possible.)我们应尽力工作。

    除了在as…as之间加副词外，也可加“形容词+名词”词组。例如：

    You’d better make as many friends as you can while at school. 你最好是在学校广交朋友。

    Try to make as few mistakes as you can (possible) 尽量少犯错误。

    ⒉The ones which you decide not to keep can be traded with other people. 那些你决定不保留的邮票可以同其他人交换。

    句中的trade为动词，意思为“做生意”、“交易”、“互易”。与介词with连用，构成短语动词trade with sb.，作“与（某人）作买卖”、“同（某人）交换”解。例如：

    He refused to trade with that company again. 他再一次地拒绝了与那家公司做生意。

    Stamp collectors often trade stamps with each other. 集邮者经常相互交换邮票。

    如果说表达“用……同……进行交换”时，则用短语trade for (exchange sth. for sth.)，例如：

    I traded my watch for a bike. 我用我的手表换了一辆自行车。

    Would you like to trade this book for a pen? 你愿意用一本书换一支钢笔吗？

    ⒊Sooner or later you’ll decide that you want to collect a certain kind of stamp. 迟早你会决定收集一种邮票。

    句中的固定词sooner or later作“迟早”、“总有一天”解，与at some time, some day同义。例如：

    Sooner or later she was going to awake. 她迟早会觉醒的。

    The boy will, sooner or later, tell his father all about the matter. 这个男孩迟早会把这事的全部经过告诉他父亲的。

    ⒋Go to stamp sales and buy whatever you can afford. 到邮票销售点去，把你能够买得起的邮票买下来。

    a)句中的stamp sales (the place where stamps are sold)意思是邮票销售部，邮票发售点。sale的复数形式常用来作定语，构成合成词。例如：

    a sales talk销售谈判；salesgirl /salesman / saleswoman售货员，推销员。

    b)句中的whatever是连接代词，相当于anything that，作“凡是……的”、“所……的东西”，引导名词性从句。本句中的whatever you can afford就是作及物动词buy的宾词。例如：

    I will do whatever you wish. 我将为你做任何事情。

    You can eat whatever you like. 你愿意吃什么就吃什么。

    此外，whatever还可以引导主语从句。例如：

    Whatever I have is yours. 我的东西都是你的。

    whatever还可以用来引导状语从句，表示让步，作“无论什么”解。

    Keep calm, whatever happens. 不论出什么事都要保持镇定。

    Whatever you do, do your best. 无论你干什么，都要尽最大努力。

    c)句中的afford一词是动词，作“花得起”、“买得起”解，表示“有经济条件做某事”这一词常和can这类词连用。但同时也表示“为（某目的）有足够的钱、时间、地方等。”例如：

    The house is too expensive. We can’t afford it. 这座房子太贵了，我们买不起。

    They walked here because they couldn’t afford a taxi. 他们因坐不起出租车而是步行来这里的。

    I’d like to go on holiday but I can’t afford the time. 我想去度假但抽不出时间来。

    另外，afford一词还有“给予某物”、“供给某物”的意思。例如：

    The tree afforded us welcome shade. 这棵大树下好乘凉。

    Television affords pleasure to people. 电视给人们带来乐趣。

三、同步测试：

    I. 选择最佳答案：

    ⒈Your name is John. The phone rings so you pick it up and say:

A. John speaking B. hello

C. Can I help you ? D. John here. Who do you want to speak to?

    ⒉You answer the phone. Someone wants to speak to your father, who is at home . You say.

    A. Please don’t go away B. Hold on, please.

    C. Wait a minute. D. Please wait here.

    ⒊When you answer the phone, you find that the caller has dialed the wrong number. He says that he is very sorry. You reply:

    A. Goodbye. B. Not at all

    C. Please don’t do it again. D. Please be more careful

    ⒋She gathered a lot of coins from different countries.选择适当的答案替换划线部分：

    A. bought B. received C. accepted D. collected

    ⒌The man shouted in a _______ voice and the girl was very _______.

    A. frightening, frightening B. frightening, frightened

    C. frightened, frightened D. frightened, frightening

    ⒍Hibernation is more than sleep.选择适当的答案替换划线部分：

    A. much more B. not only C. less than D. fast

    ⒎The watch is ______ at over a thousand yuan, so I can’t _____ it.

    A. value, waste B. worth, spend C. price, cost D. valued, afford

    ⒏The two girls are ______.

    A. the same height and age B. of the same height and age

    C. the same high and age D. of the same high and age

    ⒐Please choose _______ you like.

    A. whenever B. whatever C. anything which D. it

    ⒑The park near my house is getting dirtier and dirtier. Rubbish can be seen ______.

    A. here and there B. far and wide

    C. near and far D all where.

    ⒒It is ______ for you to do such a thing in public.

    A. shameful B. shame C. a shame D. shamed

    ⒓I’ll go with you ______ you are ready.

    A. whatever B. whenever C. wherever D. whoever

    ⒔This is one of the questions ______ at the meeting last week.

    A. being discussed B. discussing C. to be discussed D. discussed

    ⒕________ plastics, the machine is light in weight.

    A. Made of B. Marking of C. To made of D. Having made of

    ⒖The question ______ now is ______ great impartance.

    A. is discussed, of B. discussed, in

    C. to be discussed, about D. being discussed, of

    ⒗All the students found _______ to work out the difficult physics problem.

    A. it is impossible B. it impossible C. that impossible D. that is impossible

    ⒘The students were kept busy ______ the coming exem.

    A. preparing with B. preparing C. for preparing D. prepared

    ⒙______ wants to go to the concert must sign here.

    A. Who B. Those who C. Anyone D.Whoever

    ⒚下面的句子中只有一句无语法错误，请找出来。

    A. He is such good a teacher that I have ever seen.

    B. He is so a good teacher that we all love him.

    C. He is so excellent a student that he is known to all in our school.

    D. We all love him because he is such good a teacher.

    ⒛Would you please ______ from smoking while the lecture is in progress?

    A. avoid B. stop C. cease D. keep yourself

II.阅读下面短文，并在空白处填入一个语法及意义都正确的词，每空一词：

    In Singapore, people from all walks of life (1) close to one (2) . For (3) , near where I live people do a variety of jobs, ranging from hawkers (小贩) (4) bank managers . Mr Hock is a hawker, who has to visit the market every morning to buy food for his stall. This quite unusual among Singaporeans as buying from the market is (5) done by women. Next (6) to us, your immediate neighbour, Mr Kim, works during the day (7) a clerk in the city, but when evening comes, unlike other men. (8) go home to eat and relax by “putting their legs up”, he has a second job on the stock exchange. (9) it is day-time in New York, dealers are obliged to sit up all night to follow the monements of the market. And yet the local trader and the financier live (10) 100 meties of each other.

III.改错

One watches TV often feels that whatever happened in the film could well happen to them . Jane had been enjoying a spy film in which a young girl had followed and murdered. Now she was walking to the station, feel a little frigtened. She took the train back to the center of the city where there were a lot of people, so she felt much safe. She thought of nothing until she found a man nearby staring at him. Feeling very uncomfortable, she got out of the train and went to the bus step. After getting off, she heard footsleps behind her but dare not turn round before she felt a hand on her shoulder and heard a pleasantly voice: “I’d apologize whether I frightened you. I’m your new neighbour. I thought I recognized you in the train, but I was not so sure.”

1.________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5.________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9.________ 10._______

　

参考答案：

I.1─5DBCDB 6─10BDBBA 11─15CBDAD 16─20BBDCD

II.⒈live；⒉another；⒊example；⒋to；⒌always；⒍door；⒎as；⒏who；⒐when；

⒑about

III.⒈One后加who；⒉them® him / himself；⒊had后加been；⒋feel® feeling；⒌Ö ；

⒍safe® safer；⒎him® her；⒏dare® dared；⒐pleasantly® pleasant；⒑whether® if