一、教法建议

【抛砖引玉】

    本单元提出的是一个全世界都关注的问题：《全世界人的吃饭问题》。14-15两课是说明文。作者揭示了这样一个事实：世界人口不断增加，而耕地面积日益减少，世界每年要有十分之一的人中因饥饿而死亡。作者还指出了造成耕地面积减少的原因，并提出了改变这一现象的建议。

    建议教师可选择有关录像片帮助学生深刻认识：保护耕地和控制人口过快增长的重要性；用问答和讨论的方法完成本单元的知识和能力目标。

 

【指点迷津】

    本单元重点知识：

    A)单词和词组：

    *regret:

    v. be sorry for the loss of; wish to have again; feel sorry for懊悔；抱歉；遗憾。后接不定式与-ing意思不同。接不定式意为“遗憾要去做……”

；接-ing已为“已做……而后悔”。

    We deeply regretted his death.

    I regret to say that I can’t help you. (比I am sorry to say that…较为正式的表达)

    He regrets that he was rude to her.

    他后悔对她不礼貌。

    She regretted not having told you about it earlier.

    她后悔没有早点告诉你这件事。

    n. feeling of sadness at the loss of sth. or disappointment because sth. has or has not been done.懊悔；抱歉；遗憾。

    I feel regret at her absence.

    她没来，我感到很可惜。

    We heard with regret that you were not successful in your plan.

    听到你的计划没有成功，我们感到遗憾。

    I waste no time in useless regret.

    *provide: v.to supply; to prepare for提供；供给、装备；

    搭配为：provide sb. sth.; provide sth. for sb. provide sb. with sth.

    We can provide ourselves.

    我们现在可以自给自足了。

The mother provided them some thick clothes.

    母亲为他们准备了一些厚衣服。

    We must provide food for the trip.

    我们必须准备旅途中的食品。

    The Red Cross provides food and clothes for the sufferers.

    红十字会向难民提供食品和衣服。

*increase: v.[in’kris] to become greater in size, number, value etc.增加；繁殖。

    The population of this town has increased to 2000,000.

    城镇的人中去年增加了二十万。

    The population of this town increased by 10 percent last year.

    这个城镇的人口去年增加到二十万。

    There has been a big increase in road accidents.

    近来交通事故有所增加。

    注意：increase的n.名词读音与动词不同[‘ inkris]，它的反义词为decrease v.减少；缩减。

    *now and again; occasionally; at times; now and then时而

    On my way home from school, I called on Granny Li now and again.

    在放学回家的路上，我时而去看望李奶奶。

    *help oneself to… serve oneself with food(drink) etc. 衣随便吃（喝）

    Please help yourself to some fish. It is fresh.

    鱼很新鲜，请随便尝尝。

    *day by day; as time goes by 逐日；一天一天地

    Day by day she learnt more about her work.

    她日益了解了自己的工作。

*look forward to(doing) sth. 欣然期待（去做）谋事。

The  little girl was looking forward to seeing her uncle from America.

    那个小姑娘正盼望着见到从美国来的叔叔。

    *be suitable for; be right for a purpose适宜的；适当的；恰当的。

    Do you think this present is suitable for a little boy?

    你认为这个礼物对于孩子合适吗？

    *be in debt: owe a lot of money 欠债

    The old man was in heavily debt in order to buy seeds.

    那位老人为了买种子身负重债。

    *make sense: have an understandable meaning有意义；有道理；讲得通；

    be sensible是明智的；是合情合理的。

    What you say makes no sense.

    你说的话没有道理。

    It doesn’t make sense to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good.

    这件便宜的大衣也很好，何必也买那件贵的。

    *earn one’s living: get money by working谋生； 挣钱生活

    I start to earn my own living this very afternoon.

    从今天下午开始，我自己挣钱养活自己了。

    *for one thing: (used to introduce a reason for sth.用以引出谋事的理由 )一来

    I’m afraid that I won’t be able to spend the weekend with you in Dalian. For one thing, I have no money and another I’m too busy.

    恐怕我不能和你一起去大连度周末了，一来我没有钱，二来我太忙。

    以上单词和词组可通过听对话录音，教师介绍过程中呈现，然后用问答讨论课文内容等方式再现以上单词和词组加深理解词义，掌握用法，紧后用句型转换或补全名子等方法巩固，开发运用。

    B)本单元应掌握的重点文法知识：名词性从句

    名词从句包括主语、表语、宾语和同位语从句。从总体上要注意两点：

    连接主句与从句的连词有副词why, how, where, when, whether, if,它们在从句中充当状语成份，个有不同的词意，因此不能省略。代词who, whom, whose, what, which, 它们在从句中充当主语、定语、宾语，个有不同的词意，因此也不能省略。在联系中取舍哪一个词，本着缺什么成份，把它补齐，使句子在结构上与含意上完整就可以了。不同的连词，名子的意思也不同。例如：

    Why/How/Where/When/Whether/Of what material the new house will be built hasn’t been decided yet.

    为什么/怎样/在什么地方/什么时候/是否/用什么材料建这座房子还没有定下来。

二、学海导航

【学法指要】

    本单元语法难点：

1.掌握that在名词性从句中的用法。that在宾语从句中，不充当成份，也无词意，因此它可以省去；在主语、表语和同位语从句中，that虽然不充当成份，也无词意，但不能省略。

Today’s newspaper reports(that) sales of beef in China will increase.（宾语从句）

今天的报纸报道说，中国的牛肉销售量将会增加。

That land ownership in some countries is unfair is obvious.（主语从句）

在一些国家里，土地所有制的不公平是显而易见的。

The reason is that is has been raining for five days.（表语从句）

原因是已经下了五天的雨。

The reason that it has been raining for five days is why the crops has been flooded.

连续下了五天的雨，所以庄稼都泡在水里了。（同位语从句）

2.注意宾语从句中主句与从句谓语动词时态的呼应。

宾语从句中主句与从句谓语动词时态的呼应有三种情况：

A)主语谓语动词用现在和将来时态时，从句谓语动词可用任何所需要的时态。

Tom says that his sister is(was, will be) a doctor.

B)主句谓语动词用过去时态时，从句谓语动词则根据语境用过去时间的各种时态。这规律意也适用于主语、表语和同位语从句。

He thought the boy was honest.

I told him his brother was coming(would come).

We didn’t know whether they had finished their work.

注意：当从句说的内容是一般真理或客观事实时，从句谓语动词仍用一般现在时。

The mother told her little daughter that the earth goes round the sum.

    He told me that the train for Beijing leaves at 10:30.

    Somebody told me that you are a teacher.

3.否定转移

    当主句的动词是think, believe, suppose, expect时，从句的否定要前移。

I don’t think she is right.

 

【妙文赏析】

    Many centuries ago, all people had gathered seeds and plants to eat. They did not know how to farm or raise animals for food. Because they used stone tools and weapons, we call them the Stone Age people. There are people who still live much like these Stone Age people lived. They live in places that are hard to reach. Because they have met few outsiders, they do not know about modern inventions. They have not traded ways of doing things with others. For 25,000 years, groups of people have lived alone in the middle of Australia. One of the groups is the Aruba tatribe. They do not know how to farm, nor do they raise animals. The Artuntas spend most of their time searching for food and water. The men hunt animals with stone---tipped spears. The women and children look for roots, seeds and nuts. Several Artunta families live together. They have no houses. At night, they sleep around fires.

 

【思维体操】

    阅读下列广告，回答1-5问题。

WUHAN PLUMBING(水管) & HEATING

Since 1992

Plumbing and Heating Installation(安装)

LARGE OR SMALL

Free

ESTIMATE(估计)

24 Hours 7 Days Service

Payment Open

8267896

261 Dong Fang Road

Wuchang

    1.What is written above is _______.

      A. a notice                                          B. an address

      C. an advertisement                            D. a poster

    2.What service is offered free by Wuhan P.& H.?

      A. Installation                                     B. Quality of houses

      C. Estimates of costs                          D. Large or small repairs

    3.For which of the following problems would one call Wuhan P.& H.?

      A. A leak(漏) in the roof.

      B. Gas leak in the refrigerator.

      C. Something wrong with wall plugs.

      D. A broken bathroom pipe leaking water all over the floor.

    4.The person who calls Wuhan P.& H. may discuss _____.

      A. A duties             B. experience              C. cost                 D. salary

    5.Wuhan is in _____ Province.

      A. Hubei                B. Hebei               C. Hunan              D. Henan

    答案：CCDCA

三、智能显示

【心中有数】

    本单元的语法重点是名词性从句，而名词性从句的考查在高考试卷单项选择一题中一般情况下占20%，即在20个小题中有一个小题。如：

    1.─I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.

      ─Is that _____ you had a few days off ?

      A. why            B. when         C. what         D. where   (NMET99)

    2.─It was _____ he said _____ disappointed me.

A. what; that                         B. that; that          

C. what; what                       D. that; what  (上海99)

    答案：1.A；2.A

分析：

句1：从题干和所给的4个选择中不难看出本题考查的是表语从句。“I drove to Zhuhai for the air show.”提出一个事实，而第二句表明“I”不在的原因。故答案为A.why。

    句2：该句考查的是强调句和主语从句。该句强调的是句中的主语，而该句的主语又是一个从句。从这个结构中可以看出第二个空和“It was”构成强调句，故第二个空应该是that；第一个空和“he said”构成主语从句；在这个从句中“said”一词后缺少宾语，故答案为A.what;that。

 

【动脑动手】

    同步训练

    I.单词拼写：

    1.A country is not likely to develop without industry and a____.

    2.Zhou Enlai will always be remembered as a great p_____.

    3.The dish is not salty. Do you mind pouring some s____ on it?

    4.Greatly to my r_____ , I am unable to accept your kind invitation.

    5.His death means a great l____ to science.

6.It is not _____(合适) to grow cash crops here.

    7.We don’t care what _____(材料) they really want.

    8.The problem was how they could ______(偿还) so much.

    9.They had to _____(承认) what they had done was wrong.

    10.Who has won the first place will not be _____(公布) until the game is over.

    II.单项选择

    A)同步训练

    11.I can not help _____ of my childhood _____  I see the wound in my leg.

       A. think, when                                  B. thinking, whenever

       C. to think, when                              D. thought, no matter when

    12.At the party we _____ to some ice cream.

       A. helped             B. to help             C. helping             D. were helped

    13.______ the orders or you will be punished.

       A. Have               B. Receive            C. Obey               D. Place

    14.─Is this machine _____ order or _____ good order?

       ─It works very well

A. in; in                                            B. out of; in  

C. in; out of                                      D. out of; out of

    15.We are all looking _____ the day when our country will be highly developed.

       A. at                     B. for                  C. up                    D. forward to

    16.The city was almost destroyed completely by an earth quake many years ago.

       A. damaged slightly      B. torn           C. ruined       D. broken

    17.The expedition _____ no loss of life and returned to their base on time.

       A. made               B. got                   C. gained              D. suffered 

    18.If you want a plant to ____, you had better _____ it in the garden.

       A. plant; plant                                   B. grow; plant

       C. plant; grow                                  D. be grown; grow

    19.Last year farmers could not have their wheat crops _____ because of the bad weather.

A. increasing                              B. decreased       

C. increased                            D. decreasing

    20.It didn’t take her long to work ____ that she would soon have no money left.

       A. at                     B. on                    C. for                   D. out

    B)语法训练

    21.It is _____ that the experiment should be made under low temperature.

       A. said                 B. reported           C. told                  D. suggested

    22.______ man first made use of electricity is not exactly known.

       A. When                     B. Whether           C. That                 D. What

    23.______ this material will be used in the product has not been decided yet.

       A. If                     B. That                 C. What               D. Whether

    24.______ we are saying is more than ______ we will do.

A. That; that                                     B. What; what            

C. As; as                                          D. Whatever; that

    25.Our doubt is _____ he can do the experiment alone.

       A. that                  B. if               C. whether           D.what

    26.The reason ______ he didn’t come to our party was _____ he took a missing boy back home on his way here.

       A. why; because                        B. why; that

       C. that; why                               D. that; that

    27.Do you have no idea ______?

       A. how fast light travels              B. how fast does light travel

       C. how soon light travels            D. how rapid light travels

    28.Do you have no doubt _____ he will succeed in finding a new job?

       A. if               B. whether            C. that                  D. whether or not

    29.I kept looking at the man, wondering _______.

A. whether had I had seen him before

B. where I had seen him before

       C. that I had seen him before

       D. when I had seen before

    30.The teacher told the children that man _____ any life on the moon.

       A. didn’t find                             B. could not find

       C. doesn’t find                           D. hasn’t been able to find

    III.完型填空

    In the 17th century corn was grown a lot in Tibet and Sichuan. At that time the land along the Changjiang River was becoming very  31 ;there was not enough  32  for the population. Farmers had to move  33  the hills, but they  34  rice there. They needed plant which didn’t need  35  water as rice.  36  they were able to grow the new corn.

    Today, corn is found all over the world. It is a very useful plant that can be   37  in many different ways. People in the West often boil in   38  over an open fire. In many parts of the world corn  39  powder. The powder is then  40  water and other things, and made inot different kinds of food.

31.A. crowd	B. crowded	C. crowds	D. a crowd
32.A. rooms	B. places	C. room	D. place
33.A. into	B. in	C. to	D. on
34.A. hadn’t grown	B. didn’t grow	C. can’t raise	D. couldn’t grow
35.A. as many	B. as much	C. as much as	D. much as
36.A. Luckily	B. Unluckily	C. Fortunate	D. Unfortunately
37.A. cooking	B. to cook	C. prepared	D. done
38.A. all	B. whole	C. completely	D. each
39.A. makes into	B. be made to	C. be made from	D. is made into
40.A. mixed with	B. mixed to	C. mixing	D. to mix

IV.短文改错

Plants are very important living thing. Life could not go on when there were no plants. This is why plants can make food with air and, water, or sunlight. Animals and men can’t make food with air, water or sunlight. Animals can get its food by eating plants and other animals. Man gets his food by eating plants and animals, either. Therefore, animals, and man need plants in order to live. This is that we find we find such many plants around us. If you look carefully at the plants around you, you’ll find that there are many types plants. Some plants are big, while others are small. Most of plants are green.

41.______ 42.______ 43.______ 44.______ 45.______ 46.______ 47.______ 48.______ 49.______ 50.______

 

【创新园地】

    语言功能  从下列各题的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。

1.─My daughter has passed the exam.

      ─Congratulations! She’s really intelligent.

      ─_______

      A. No, no, she is intelligent.

      B. Oh, thank you!

      C. Sometimes she is intelligent.

      D. You are right.

    2.─You forgot to feed the cat again!

      ─________

      A. I can’t remember.

      B. I don’t mind feeding her again.

      C. I’ll do it now.

      D. Yes, I did. What about you!

3.─Mum, I’ve cut my finger. It’s bleeding!

      ─________

      A. Let me see.

      B. Don’t worry.

      C. Be careful

      D. Let me have a look

4.─What’s happened to my library book?

      ─________

      A. I’ve no idea.

      B. You borrowed them from the library.

      C. You bought them yesterday.

      D. They’re about long life.

5.─Where is Tom this morning?

      ─He’s got a cold.

      ─________

      A. Just tell him to take it easy.

      B. What’s the matter with him?

      C. He’s absent.

D. What? Where is he?

答案：

1.agriculture;  2.politician;  3.sauce;      4.regret;  5.loss

6.suitable;     7.materials;   8.repay;      9.admit;   10.announced

11-15BDCBD      16-20CDCCD     21-25BADBC   26-30BACBD

31-35BCADB      36-40ACBDA

Plants are very important living thing. Life could not go on when there were no plants. This is why plants can make food with air and, water, or sunlight. Animals and men can’t make food with air, water or sunlight. Animals can get its food by eating plants and other animals. Man gets his food by eating plants and animals, either. Therefore, animals, and man need plants in order to live. This is that we find we find such many plants around us. If you look carefully at the plants around you, you’ll find that there are many types plants. Some plants are big, when others are small. Most of plants are green.

41.things 42.if 43.and 44.Ö 45.their 46.too 47.why 48.so 49.of 50.while

 

【创新园地答案】

1.B;        2.C;              3.D;              4.A;              5.A