课程代码：10059

　　Ⅰ。 Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. （30%）

　　1.As far as the origins of the words are concerned， English words can be classified into （ ）。

　　A.content words and functional words

　　B.native words and borrowed words

　　C.basic words and borrowed words

　　D.loan words and dialectal words

　　2.Vocabulary can refer to the following except （ ）。

　　A.the total number of the words in a language

　　B.all the words used in a particular historical period

　　C.all the words of a dialect

　　D.all the words of an article

　　3.“skirt” is （ ）。

　　A.a basic word B.a Spanish word

　　C.a slang word D.both A and B

　　4.The early inhabitants of the British Isles spoke （ ） .

　　A.English B.Celtic

　　C.Scandinavian D.Hellenic

　　5.The Norman Conquest started a continual flow of （ ） words into English.

　　A.Latin B.Greek

　　C.Danish D.French

　　6.The three main sources of new words are （ ）。

　　A.the rapid development of modern science and technology； social， economic and political changes； the influence of other cultures and languages

　　B.the rapid development of modern science and technology； social， economic and political changes； reviving archaic or obsolete words

　　C.creation， borrowing and reviving archaic or obsolete words

　　D.semantic change， creation， borrowing and reviving archaic or obsolete words

　　7.Morphemes are __________ units， which are realized in speech by discrete units known as __________.（ ）

　　A.concrete， allomorphs B.abstract， morphs

　　C.abstract， lexemes D.concrete， morphs

　　8.Derivational affixes can be further divided into __________ and __________.（ ）

　　A.bound roots and suffixes B.prefixes and suffixes

　　C.bound roots and prefixes D.inflectional affixes and prefixes

　　9.Bound morphemes include two types： __________ and __________.（ ）

　　A.prefixes， suffixes B.bound roots ， prefixes

　　C.bound roots， affixes D.derivational morphemes and suffixes

　　10.Means of English word formation exclude （ ）。

　　A.repetition and alliteration B.clipping， acronymy and blending

　　C.conversion and back formation D.affixation and compounding

　　11.Words formed by acronymy can be divided into acronyms and initialisms depending on （ ）。

　　A.the pronunciation of the words B.the spelling way

　　C.the grammatical function D.none of the above

　　12.The three most productive means of word formation are （ ）。

　　A.affixation， compounding and shortening

　　B.conversion， compounding and shortening

　　C.affixation， compounding and conversion

　　D.affixation， compounding and back formation

　　13.Words are but symbols， many of which have meaning only when they have acquired （ ）。

　　A.concept B.sense

　　C.motivation D.reference

　　14.Sense denotes the relationships （ ）。

　　A.with the concept B.outside the language

　　C.with the meaning D.inside the language

　　15.Associative meaning comprises four types （ ） .

　　A.lexical， grammatical， stylistic， and affective

　　B.connotative， stylistic， affective， and collocative

　　C.lexical， conceptual， affective， and collocative

　　D.conceptual， connotative， affective， and stylistic

　　16.The later meanings added the first meaning of the word are called （ ） meanings.

　　A.derived B.conceptual

　　C.secondary D.lexical

　　17.Generally， __________ precedes __________.（ ）

　　A.concatenation， radiation B.widening， concatenation

　　C.narrowing， widening D.radiation， concatenation

　　18.People use antonyms in idioms to （ ） .

　　A.express ideas economically for the sake of contrast

　　B.form antithesis to achieve emphasis

　　C.both A and B

　　D.reach climax

　　19.The associated transfer of meaning and euphemistic use of words， etc. are often due to （ ） factors.

　　A.scientific B.internal

　　C.historical D.psychological

　　20.（ ） is the most unstable element of a language as is undergoing constant changes both in form and content.

　　A.Pronunciation B.Articulation

　　C.Vocabulary D.Grammar

　　21.If a word has extended to cover a __________ and often __________ definite concept， the word has undergone extension of meaning.（ ）

　　A.broader， more B.narrower， less

　　C.broader， less D.narrower， more

　　22.Ambiguity often arises due to __________ and __________.（ ）

　　A.homomymy， polysemy B.antonymy， homonymy

　　C.synomymy， antonymy D.synonymy， hyponymy

　　23.“Trade union” has different interpretations in the western countries and China. That is due to （ ）。

　　A.lexical context B.grammatical context

　　C.cultural background D.linguistic context

　　24.The clue for understanding “conflagration” in the sentence “Their greatest fear was of a conflagration since fire would destroy everything in its way.” is （ ）。

　　A.definition B.explanation

　　C.relevant details D.synonymy

　　25.（ ） occasionally occurs in proverbs and sayings， where only a part of them is used instead of the whole.

　　A.Metonymy B.Synecdoche

　　C.Shortening D.Dismembering

　　26.In terms of complexity of sentences， sentence idioms can be divided into three types except （ ）。

　　A88pound sentences B.imperative sentences

　　C.simple sentences D88plex sentences

　　27.Of five groups of idioms， （ ） are the largest group.

　　A.idioms nominal in nature B.idioms adjectival in nature

　　C.idioms verbal in nature D.idioms adverbial in nature

　　28.The best-known unabridged dictionary is （ ）， which contains 450，000 headwords.

　　A.The Encyclopedia Americana

　　B.Webster‘s Third New International Dictionary

　　C.The World Book Dictionary

　　D.Webster‘s New World Dictionary

　　29.For beginners and elementary and lower-intermediate learners， a/an （ ） dictionary is essential as they don‘t have enough knowledge of English.

　　A.specialized B.monolingual

　　C.bilingual D.encyclopedic

　　30.The main body of a dictionary is （ ） of words.

　　A.usage B.definition

　　C.spelling D.pronunciation

　　Ⅱ。 Match the words in Column A with those in Column B according to the sense relations of the pairs of words in Column A. Write your answer （A， B， C， … I， or J） in the bracket.（10%）

　　A B

　　31.mango/fruit A.homophones

　　32.brother/bug B.stationery/hyponymy

　　33.dead/alive C.emotive synonyms

　　34.leek/leak D.homographs

　　35.sow （v.） / sow （n.） E.dialectal synonyms

　　36.fair （n.） /fair （adj.） F.upper term / lower term

　　37.pen， ruler G.stylistic synonyms

　　38.siren/beautiful H.perfect homonymy

　　39.sidewalk/pavement I.subordinate/superordinate

　　40.creature/animal J.contradictory terms

　　31.（ ）32.（ ）33.（ ）34.（ ）35.（ ）

　　36.（ ）37.（ ）38.（ ）39.（ ）40.（ ）

　　Ⅲ。 Complete the following statements with proper expressions according to the textbook. （10%）

　　41.Lexicology is a branch of linguistics， inquiring into the origins and__________of words.

　　42.Old English has about __________ words.

　　43.“idealization” has__________morphemes.

　　44.The most productive compounds are__________and adjectives.

　　45.The meanings of etymologically motivated words relate directly to their __________.

　　Ⅳ。 Study the following words and decide how each word is formed. （15%）

　　Example： disobey （affixation）

　　46.throughout （ ） 47.telecast （ ）

　　48.fridge （ ） 49.Radar （ ）

　　50.emote （ ）

　　Ⅴ。 Answer the following questions. （20%）

　　51.What are the characteristics of Modern English

　　52.Why do we say that free morphemes and free roots are identical

　　53.What is blending

　　54.What is the relationship and difference between grammatical meaning and lexical meaning

　　55.What are the types of context

　　Ⅵ。 Analyze and comment on the given sentences. Pick out the idiom in the sentence， then point out its structure， grammatical function and figure of speech. （ 15%）

　　56.Look at him. He‘s sleeping like a log.

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